{"id":"W2806869750","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.032","title":"Experimental and theoretical study of crude oil pretreatment using low-frequency ultrasonic waves","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Coalescence (physics); Intensity (physics); Particle swarm optimization; Linear regression; Oil field; Materials science; Acoustics; Ultrasound; Biological system; Crude oil; Irradiation; Computer science; Environmental science; Process engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Physics; Optics; Algorithm; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002187719,0.0002734071,0.0002418834,0.0002318966,0.0004766049,0.0002560409,0.0006584617,0.0003745317,0.004646404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047557,0.0001994265,0.0002568144,0.0003178977,0.0005971518,0.0004608391,0.0001822969,0.0003230346,0.0003763759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000450776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003064683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001765346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001146805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999886,0.00001296359,0.000004245182,0.00001996654,0.00005707597,0.00001957738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998459,0.00008760687,0.00001304168,0.00002335828,0.00002658641,0.000003630078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005095862,0.0001759257,0.001604595,0.0007788482,0.00001671813,0.0004021526,0.0002417076,0.1003912,0.8365719,0.03496261,0.0006293333,0.02371544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004430874,0.0002552617,0.002441859,0.00001575329,0.00002274563,0.0001662454,0.0002018491,0.3502361,0.6366821,0.005183721,0.0047187,0.00003141463],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8731956,0.0009561004,0.08468942,0.0003441444,0.00006951087,0.0001090187,0.0004191282,0.000235323,0.03998175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906951,0.0003602654,0.006745426,0.00001129247,0.000008736297,0.00002872208,0.00007571981,0.00001156518,0.002063182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004646404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0155437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01039155092693704,"score_gpt":0.2672959138128943,"score_spread":0.2569043628859572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}