{"id":"W2808641681","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1803478115","title":"Thallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) associated with volcanism, carbon burial, and mass extinction","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Thallium and Germanium Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Parks Canada; Society for Sedimentary Geology; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; Florida State University; Division of Materials Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Extinction event; Volcanism; Geology; Isotopes of carbon; Earth science; Geochemistry; Isotope; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Carbon fibers; Thallium; Paleontology; Tectonics; Chemistry; Physics; Nuclear physics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001841398,0.000209549,0.0001554123,0.001014017,0.0002741772,0.000417458,0.0002826481,0.0003462825,0.0007095332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003110592,0.0001268437,0.000122645,0.000895471,0.0003549449,0.0002107621,0.0004576932,0.0001939933,0.0001597362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005539052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003172307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01104761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02298006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999138,0.00000418209,0.00000568652,0.00003740832,0.00001747381,0.00002134173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998593,0.00001132325,0.00006635151,0.00001182739,0.00002773894,0.00002330739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002312722,0.0000307005,0.8094456,0.00005655913,0.00006908496,0.0002318752,0.0005393316,0.0004917116,0.1761214,0.0001795148,0.00009315451,0.01250981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006123675,0.00004997962,0.9932625,0.000003000348,0.00002815142,0.000120141,0.0001280684,0.0004506949,0.005160255,0.0000547656,0.0007308915,0.00000542257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990803,0.0001452471,0.0001739924,0.00001149898,9.777315e-7,0.00000163932,0.0001730614,0.00001474243,0.0003984555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991446,0.00006743921,0.0003385414,0.0000124095,0.000001791464,0.000001788846,0.000285883,0.000005263712,0.0001422114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01104761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02196658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0176864795056831,"score_gpt":0.2412615908149026,"score_spread":0.2235751113092195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}