{"id":"W2811051184","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198785132.001.0001","title":"Liquidated Damages and Penalty Clauses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Law, logistics, and international trade","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Damages; Jurisdiction; Law; Law and economics; Control (management); Political science; Common law; Breach of contract; Business; Economics; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009655189,0.0002756952,0.0002750351,0.00021848,0.0002419891,0.0002501725,0.0005038744,0.0002459959,0.0001319683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003391739,0.0002967649,0.00008848219,0.00001457776,0.0005296883,0.0004319556,0.000603656,0.0002320723,0.00001026837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007649246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005860064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001768435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007211385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989643,0.00001046444,0.0001566078,0.0003946864,0.0002443763,0.0002296171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999138,0.00005103461,0.0002664102,0.000260049,0.0002594159,0.00002509328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001041621,0.00001737258,0.00006351341,0.0002472428,0.0001339823,0.00006755588,0.00002901242,0.000001087716,0.000007083272,0.7695579,0.229308,0.0004631131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004243638,0.00002105224,0.000123591,0.0001429912,0.00020725,0.000002191701,0.00002697943,0.0001626636,0.00001619918,0.003177184,0.9953497,0.0003458246],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005909925,0.00003749157,0.000179157,0.00005782169,0.0003895854,0.0002043349,0.00007213417,0.0001674879,0.998301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002694725,0.0001378935,0.00009512116,0.0004930345,0.001601551,5.539139e-7,0.0002245025,0.00003733738,0.9947153],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7663807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03278283331448093,"score_gpt":0.2072491131832838,"score_spread":0.1744662798688029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}