{"id":"W2811370635","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.8b00523","title":"Differentiating Inorganics in Biochars Produced at Commercial Scale Using Principal Component Analysis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Raw material; Pyrolysis; Calcite; Chemical composition; Chemistry; Scanning electron microscope; Mineralogy; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006720162,0.0007557847,0.0003385533,0.001764655,0.0002886943,0.0008606009,0.0002276279,0.0003084354,0.001091382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008253158,0.000209145,0.0005959194,0.001804777,0.0003730507,0.0003757053,0.0002884554,0.0004426499,0.0003337653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003289996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003750989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002598494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003922896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995486,0.0000420725,0.00005107307,0.0001548887,0.0001426393,0.00006070378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996948,0.0000946065,0.00004135619,0.00002298659,0.0001282926,0.0000178786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004196006,0.0001520322,0.01749264,0.0002103995,0.00009698755,0.0001205178,0.0001807696,0.001101355,0.9119415,0.0002571073,0.0001425627,0.06788456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003956327,0.0006998216,0.4094356,0.00003390053,0.0003063409,0.0005216147,0.0005742016,0.0253739,0.5563011,0.0009415392,0.005688506,0.00008394536],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592659,0.0005760152,0.03603198,0.00005880798,0.00004256951,0.0002154722,0.001831086,0.0003370157,0.001641118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8954592,0.0004884629,0.09905232,0.00005069085,0.00001924514,0.0001921542,0.002969196,0.0001521128,0.001616529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002598494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00516665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03009965158451488,"score_gpt":0.239192947992926,"score_spread":0.2090932964084111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}