{"id":"W2811370635","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.8b00523","title":"Differentiating Inorganics in Biochars Produced at Commercial Scale Using Principal Component Analysis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Raw material; Pyrolysis; Calcite; Chemical composition; Chemistry; Scanning electron microscope; Mineralogy; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002528607,0.0001435999,0.0002519085,0.0002182017,0.0002599341,0.00005259247,0.0002271335,0.00005561934,0.0002538409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006335945,0.0001218126,0.00006307004,0.001217539,0.00009200938,0.0001443377,0.00008832911,0.0001176635,0.0001455374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002025772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003230199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003285887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02213341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986581,0.00007616876,0.0002687966,0.000385824,0.0002546641,0.0003564663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994283,0.00003800592,0.00009678531,0.0002848325,0.00006269963,0.0000893294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003265009,0.00002466233,0.9857979,0.000009889326,0.00005209292,0.000002571514,0.000601674,0.0002859678,0.008162905,0.00000265129,0.00002928935,0.00499772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001974246,0.00006678863,0.9780377,0.000009391743,0.00008797859,0.000003345078,0.00003815508,0.01023659,0.01063134,0.00002137544,0.0004889482,0.0001810074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987643,0.0001459638,0.0000173895,0.0002206484,0.0003640757,0.0001345994,0.00003155369,0.00002921555,0.0002921911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989844,0.000009184378,0.0002386294,0.0001152509,0.0003862844,2.489209e-7,0.0001338594,0.00000436607,0.0001277791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01884752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03009965158451488,"score_gpt":0.239192947992926,"score_spread":0.2090932964084111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}