{"id":"W2818937117","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v19i3.3265","title":"Open and Distance Learning in French-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Field (mathematics); Sociology; Exploratory research; Descriptive research; Pedagogy; Political science; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00227017,0.0008322705,0.001272982,0.009107296,0.0009204609,0.003030061,0.0008602885,0.001413708,0.003841275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00552847,0.0004026877,0.0008096081,0.01280364,0.0009482079,0.002754961,0.001163166,0.0009780588,0.0004423627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002377645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008702799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01320303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02263697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989296,0.0003118835,0.0002378436,0.0001492423,0.0002869593,0.00008444872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931427,0.005162384,0.0007859211,0.00006199862,0.0006822525,0.0001646472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005332257,0.0000716717,0.001772781,0.1408729,0.0002012668,0.0004926751,0.001996226,0.0003232902,0.000466181,0.005883287,0.01017411,0.8376924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001341775,0.0001524295,0.01404392,0.1940581,0.0009352645,0.002016943,0.006929273,0.0001393755,0.0004782391,0.002566994,0.7786031,0.00006300383],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000445427,0.9983124,0.00005860128,0.0004007559,0.00006608239,0.000007183304,0.00003135977,0.000002249641,0.0006760847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002920855,0.9966673,0.0001273843,0.0001219222,0.00004415805,0.000007890578,0.00002375755,9.648584e-7,0.00008577324],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01320303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02625233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1244742773359815,"score_gpt":0.4922198121518268,"score_spread":0.3677455348158453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}