{"id":"W285406612","doi":"10.15353/rea.v8i1.1430","title":"Corruption, Public Expenditure and Human Capital Accumulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Economic Analysis","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Human capital; Language change; Economics; Investment (military); Physical capital; Distribution (mathematics); Public investment; Monetary economics; Public economics; Market economy; Fiscal policy; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008080934,0.00006991689,0.000320708,0.000157249,0.0001444189,0.00002756775,0.0001146396,0.00004024613,0.009196983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005907758,0.00005514112,0.0001575306,0.000112782,0.00009843032,0.000282666,0.00003042319,0.00001975441,0.00016009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002200418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008614108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003846415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00215432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991578,0.00007431328,0.0003948856,0.0001893915,0.00005734416,0.0001262863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994001,0.00005249364,0.0002649798,0.0001527261,0.0000367764,0.0000929104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003126325,0.00004517605,0.4064216,0.0003238264,0.0009430502,4.729417e-7,0.001693033,0.000008581396,0.00005343792,0.2687874,0.001568332,0.320152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006067328,0.00002689561,0.2758586,0.000896565,0.001002735,0.000001313213,0.001563812,0.00007532203,0.000009326554,0.002188518,0.7171909,0.0005793234],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9503334,0.01025528,0.001114851,0.009609484,0.0002549904,0.0003776638,0.00002478009,0.00004851277,0.02798107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9613444,0.03648637,0.00006171495,0.0001752012,0.00006759839,0.00001019709,0.00001794019,0.000003464679,0.001833066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7156225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9917088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06562439705833617,"score_gpt":0.3627061886557315,"score_spread":0.2970817915973953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}