{"id":"W2883599064","doi":"10.1038/s41567-018-0229-2","title":"Reconstructing the topology of optical polarization knots","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Physics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Physics; Knot (papermaking); Polarization (electrochemistry); Gravitational singularity; Torus; Topology (electrical circuits); Circular polarization; Transverse plane; Optics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006465911,0.00008095376,0.0001026412,0.00001144265,0.00009463767,0.00001435441,0.0001454577,0.00007323211,0.00009232642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001420928,0.00005848059,0.00005765161,0.000155184,0.0002404239,0.00006759627,0.00006798049,0.0003194695,0.00002229916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009365259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002888036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009031596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.515015e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994901,0.00002169908,0.0001249141,0.0001157097,0.000107215,0.000140402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994971,0.00006427571,0.00009008939,0.000197932,0.0001286219,0.00002203922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006462307,0.00005657699,0.01465309,0.000005515541,0.00005104042,1.531384e-7,0.0005559295,0.000005158484,0.008881127,0.9546214,0.0001939544,0.02096955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007005477,0.0002575947,0.003944205,0.00004701829,0.0001382867,0.000006076074,0.002396262,0.003761567,0.5298528,0.4540796,0.004375782,0.0004403127],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9352823,0.00004554011,0.0110285,0.000391083,0.0009584978,0.0001361149,0.00001700766,0.00002080482,0.0521201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957705,2.310891e-7,0.002523087,0.00007378653,0.001419621,0.000002033614,0.000013933,0.00001027612,0.0001866073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5209717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2384769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005728298120755348,"score_gpt":0.2539461981380534,"score_spread":0.248217900017298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}