{"id":"W2883967689","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.006","title":"Patent term restoration for top-selling drugs in the United States","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drug Discovery Today","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Laura and John Arnold Foundation","keywords":"Term (time); Competition (biology); Business; Patent law; Generic drug; Brand names; Drug approval; Intellectual property; Drug; Medicine; Marketing; Pharmacology; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004786596,0.0002002365,0.0007961228,0.002160574,0.001452087,0.006255094,0.0009995536,0.002919465,0.004718459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02082564,0.0002616701,0.001226843,0.001670591,0.001065861,0.001840992,0.0009773732,0.004204837,0.0004679155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006681005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008918728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0874884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07703375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966419,0.000513975,0.0002451678,0.0003232573,0.001249425,0.001026294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9883245,0.004676162,0.002991076,0.0005283539,0.001601586,0.001878348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003803425,0.001647227,0.2060244,0.0006547247,0.0004845423,0.001713544,0.001029607,0.02577627,0.002883711,0.2739463,0.211951,0.2700853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000650276,0.001181646,0.667809,0.0005111635,0.0008538534,0.001005578,0.002276845,0.03517182,0.00419668,0.06601956,0.220147,0.0001765808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8172159,0.02295825,0.002439735,0.0551142,0.001798125,0.0001267718,0.006725985,0.0004360912,0.09318496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804975,0.002106368,0.0004136402,0.003898695,0.0005491038,0.00002436395,0.001127439,0.00002879241,0.01135402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0874884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1739584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07311118270361142,"score_gpt":0.2924885767058551,"score_spread":0.2193773940022437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}