{"id":"W2884162566","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.07.006","title":"Quantification of forest canopy changes caused by spruce budworm defoliation using digital hemispherical imagery","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Spruce budworm; Canopy; Environmental science; Forestry; Remote sensing; Geography; Tortricidae; Ecology; Lepidoptera genitalia; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006703949,0.0001139638,0.0001446141,0.00001302368,0.000142245,0.00002830862,0.0000835331,0.00008883594,0.00003386454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003179644,0.00007587964,0.00002939181,0.0001963988,0.0003936193,0.000144677,0.0000572966,0.00005750797,0.00003713192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003990163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004245588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008589815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001332018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992477,0.00002277452,0.0001702014,0.0002494954,0.0001124941,0.0001973185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995978,0.00004727211,0.0001307812,0.0001240097,0.00003004118,0.00007004003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003131803,0.0000721617,0.1317851,0.000008312463,0.0000227864,6.412013e-7,0.0003098852,0.0001999624,0.8542638,0.0003117035,0.002801649,0.0101926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002409741,0.0002013545,0.9646682,0.000006470991,0.00004179585,0.00004473919,0.0001260031,0.002924461,0.02681286,0.0005798048,0.004147893,0.0002054088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964786,0.0000409244,0.001666009,0.0005282207,0.00006051196,0.0001353335,0.00001435131,0.00002483441,0.001051239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987338,0.00001405182,0.0007799052,0.00005808021,0.00008149019,0.000003104317,0.00007922028,0.000005985766,0.0002443145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8328831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3094282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01258098272721448,"score_gpt":0.2241662038530225,"score_spread":0.211585221125808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}