{"id":"W2884745155","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v8n6p12","title":"Enhancing L2 Learners’ Critical Thinking Skills Through a Connectivism-Based Intelligent Learning System","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Zhejiang University; McKnight Foundation","keywords":"Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Psychology; Connectivism; Class (philosophy); Asynchronous communication; Computer science; Learning theory; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005976816,0.0004530702,0.0002133384,0.0006886389,0.0002733761,0.0006140905,0.0004728556,0.0002978767,0.001620709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001274095,0.0001320577,0.0002934237,0.0002609792,0.0003441938,0.0006545026,0.001221966,0.0003844445,0.0002431125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002757974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007133295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004703435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008440305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996995,0.00009684106,0.0000194988,0.00007509276,0.00007194249,0.00003714041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995291,0.0001581091,0.00006797538,0.0000388547,0.00005601515,0.0001499589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00156467,0.01670857,0.06895751,0.000932455,0.0001512336,0.001248067,0.01285431,0.006283469,0.2243799,0.003162906,0.003950329,0.6598066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003265199,0.03905679,0.5749444,0.0007221276,0.001151127,0.004738369,0.01090743,0.07069959,0.2190847,0.01412098,0.06086683,0.0004424017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826597,0.00005983013,0.01285548,0.0001471714,0.00001005265,0.0004136027,0.00003335773,0.0002061367,0.003614713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514633,0.0001880327,0.04434968,0.0001377079,0.00001742241,0.0006711968,0.0001202483,0.00001955092,0.003032727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001620709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005421817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02487636996491266,"score_gpt":0.3609328466512537,"score_spread":0.336056476686341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}