{"id":"W2884808450","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.015","title":"An experimental investigation of snow removal from photovoltaic solar panels by electrical heating","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Snow; Environmental science; Photovoltaic system; Tilt (camera); Relative humidity; Roof; Thermal; Meteorology; Materials science; Structural engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008526769,0.0001465004,0.0001844588,0.0001101445,0.00008229649,0.00002359633,0.0001704362,0.000167097,0.00001834751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004465494,0.0001508489,0.00003739037,0.000244589,0.00009821753,0.0001293051,0.00002779449,0.000127416,0.000006497125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005949898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001526086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001180628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002012562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991608,0.00003501501,0.0002136344,0.0001953715,0.0001514309,0.000243794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995432,0.0000438942,0.00004123873,0.0002834502,0.00003260432,0.00005560775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000752302,0.00001509972,0.0004461823,0.000003309989,0.00001873817,0.000002803303,0.0004228974,0.000233229,0.9844897,0.0001855809,0.0006849018,0.01349005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000159898,0.0001955236,0.0001171012,0.00002944971,0.000007401469,0.00000661527,0.0001499775,0.07156427,0.9261633,0.0009590524,0.0004934982,0.0001539533],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9594287,0.0002206345,0.03910728,0.000006793515,0.0001710594,0.00002970191,0.000008543088,0.0006987361,0.0003284948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931235,0.00001521624,0.006537471,0.0000546785,0.0001500772,0.000007191293,0.00005268423,0.00003614969,0.0000229792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07133105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6151438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01097759917102192,"score_gpt":0.2212197595738251,"score_spread":0.2102421604028031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}