{"id":"W2886005926","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201833704","title":"Extreme HBL behavior of Markarian 501 during 2012","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Office of Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Crete; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Vetenskapsrådet; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation; Liverpool John Moores University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; National Research Centre; Bulgarian National Science Fund; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Aalto-Yliopisto; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; European Regional Development Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Russian Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","keywords":"Physics; Crab Nebula; Astrophysics; Cherenkov radiation; Flux (metallurgy); Flare; Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; BL Lac object; Blazar; Extragalactic background light; High energy; MAGIC (telescope); Astronomy; Gamma ray; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005261807,0.0003144194,0.000366621,0.0000625502,0.0002556177,0.00005113926,0.0002430664,0.00003310672,0.0005689813],"category_scores_gemma":[6.749822e-7,0.0003201632,0.0001507979,0.0001692156,0.0003063169,0.0004028192,0.0002056505,0.0001943064,0.00005826899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001771113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005492753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008018736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001131719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99853,0.00003198247,0.0003582272,0.0004033824,0.0001757791,0.0005006099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990379,0.00001718631,0.000248846,0.0004090673,0.0001072988,0.00017968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108567,0.0006082637,0.05787361,0.00002117096,0.0002355388,0.00000202436,0.0003623583,0.00001863739,0.04519739,0.02441374,0.0001697245,0.870989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01128505,0.002893304,0.6325235,0.0003764649,0.0012756,0.00001288639,0.006829356,0.0004332555,0.250903,0.02610916,0.06328783,0.004070658],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9145138,0.0000264687,0.08012123,0.00002511394,0.0001563299,0.0002069678,0.0001062415,0.0000266542,0.004817145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808661,0.000001117127,0.0173009,0.000008192419,0.001289587,0.00003976606,0.00004252527,0.00003844145,0.0004133361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8669183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009803756448062544,"score_gpt":0.2035241782460615,"score_spread":0.1937204217979989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}