{"id":"W2886005926","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201833704","title":"Extreme HBL behavior of Markarian 501 during 2012","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Office of Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Crete; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Vetenskapsrådet; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation; Liverpool John Moores University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; National Research Centre; Bulgarian National Science Fund; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Aalto-Yliopisto; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; European Regional Development Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Russian Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","keywords":"Physics; Crab Nebula; Astrophysics; Cherenkov radiation; Flux (metallurgy); Flare; Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; BL Lac object; Blazar; Extragalactic background light; High energy; MAGIC (telescope); Astronomy; Gamma ray; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001659763,0.0001205724,0.0001859318,0.0004870477,0.0004130083,0.000550976,0.0002485313,0.0002196422,0.0008022208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004692815,0.0001053243,0.00009875905,0.0003172099,0.0002522413,0.0002440489,0.0005031998,0.0001937112,0.0003084262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006259713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008613312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01842207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998504,0.00001081184,0.0000061612,0.00005070658,0.00003512697,0.00004665944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997503,0.0000230977,0.00009678282,0.00002239603,0.00004809285,0.00005930445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002755056,0.00007959444,0.9584466,0.00002623827,0.00004650581,0.0006034791,0.0006565001,0.0004833691,0.02813171,0.0002972827,0.0009568259,0.009996556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001132006,0.00001532072,0.9981728,0.000002249311,0.000005637795,0.00009220474,0.000131289,0.000269965,0.0007138381,0.00001800425,0.0005742898,0.000003403489],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984059,0.00003617741,0.00008650713,0.00002596695,0.000002366567,0.000002922282,0.0002119957,0.00001314293,0.001215126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989772,0.00001428842,0.00009839105,0.00002545275,0.000005054404,0.000003125886,0.0005622966,0.000005657388,0.0003087262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008613312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01712638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009803756448062544,"score_gpt":0.2035241782460615,"score_spread":0.1937204217979989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}