{"id":"W2886307859","doi":"10.1145/3230833.3230849","title":"Android authorship attribution through string analysis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Android (operating system); Computer science; Android malware; Mobile malware; Authorship attribution; Popularity; Cryptovirology; Computer security; Mobile device; Operating system; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002361879,0.00008912303,0.0001248879,0.0001678853,0.0001591325,0.00008858759,0.0004130195,0.00006226364,0.00007784255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004110311,0.0000818587,0.00008057405,0.001895712,0.00004844624,0.0008441592,0.0001713148,0.00008708399,0.00007208223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006374457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001429357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004517301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004673956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990736,0.00004190091,0.0001605858,0.0003360109,0.0001781303,0.0002097734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991772,0.00003196502,0.00006634257,0.0005195794,0.0001551687,0.00004972744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001110516,0.00005480844,0.002960746,0.000006427875,0.0001859186,0.000008213902,0.000686601,0.0000999411,0.005695072,0.9037996,0.001265194,0.08522636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001581705,0.000266903,0.006301209,0.000006635857,0.0000598341,0.00001358528,0.00001904546,0.03104805,0.7990637,0.1381189,0.02458594,0.0003579905],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00682567,0.00001385575,0.9880104,0.0002387614,0.000136595,0.00007174005,9.95977e-7,0.001319668,0.003382316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7103083,0.000003521844,0.2890695,0.0001316918,0.00006376734,0.000006811887,0.000001331999,0.000002976881,0.0004121306],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7933686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3338101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02699506709452703,"score_gpt":0.3090096326781219,"score_spread":0.2820145655835948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}