{"id":"W2888180427","doi":"10.22230/ijepl.2018v13n7a830","title":"International Students in American Higher Education: A Quantitative Study Comparing Their Distribution from Both Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives and the Implications on Policy Making","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test; Distribution (mathematics); Population; Internationalization; Immigration; Test (biology); International education; Geography; Higher education; Demography; Mathematics education; Political science; Sociology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Curriculum; Mathematics; Law; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00288469,0.00009879673,0.000181154,0.001949286,0.001601962,0.001845683,0.0003186259,0.0002973824,0.002175713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005415269,0.0001058747,0.0001207836,0.003004447,0.001273794,0.001722942,0.001580354,0.0006988975,0.0001472306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001071094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001238598,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006554173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01095758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986479,0.0005852163,0.00009862058,0.0001185243,0.0003010784,0.0002487556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963568,0.001086526,0.000927172,0.0001261657,0.0007101451,0.0007931834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004794468,0.0001709394,0.8442519,0.00004662463,0.00001208294,0.0001305787,0.12714,0.00004584627,0.0005512185,0.002655059,0.001187248,0.02376056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002775116,0.00006828472,0.597692,0.00003254749,0.000005394402,0.0000891147,0.3952728,0.0001444743,0.0001500996,0.0002499443,0.0062789,0.00001375789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967417,0.00004753322,0.0001015788,0.0002216344,0.000006785952,0.000008844078,0.00004833801,0.000001752744,0.002821769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992299,0.00007034677,0.00007732237,0.00006041568,0.000006724732,0.00001134021,0.00004091775,0.000001226929,0.0005018231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006554173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01525587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09051686319276014,"score_gpt":0.4534625723883735,"score_spread":0.3629457091956133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}