{"id":"W2888675469","doi":"10.3390/en11092198","title":"Comparing the Biomass Yield and Biogas Potential of Phragmites australis with Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum Grown in Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Bioenergy crop production and management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agricultural Adaptation Council; University of Guelph","keywords":"Panicum virgatum; Biogas; Phragmites; Miscanthus; Bioenergy; Panicum; Biomass (ecology); Agronomy; Perennial plant; Environmental science; Raw material; Energy crop; Biofuel; Biology; Wetland; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006905953,0.00007721065,0.00009790846,0.000009939852,0.00010478,0.00003310249,0.00009078582,0.0000199182,0.00003334129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006879169,0.00002470753,0.000009581994,0.0001452235,0.0002137348,0.00005190852,0.00007529413,0.00003742775,2.023518e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001164222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001172802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.787298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9515739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994963,0.00001902874,0.00009963303,0.0001577132,0.0000945557,0.0001327616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998348,0.00002623214,0.000046225,0.00004083921,0.00002290343,0.00002895442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001779291,0.00006777394,0.16078,0.00003245808,0.0001023665,0.00002230963,0.0004153184,0.0001153554,0.8098015,0.005847853,0.005543602,0.01709355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001645848,0.0001804065,0.8628505,0.00003171104,0.00001731918,0.00001555617,0.003642715,0.00007709554,0.1170187,0.00006524358,0.01578281,0.0001532874],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961091,0.0002065787,5.624297e-7,0.003222948,0.0001051068,0.00004609142,0.000005378546,0.000009616473,0.0002945783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995081,0.00008111,0.00002143876,0.00007962019,0.00009269661,0.000002868606,0.000003465313,5.413995e-7,0.0002101768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7020705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2141184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0137445758235187,"score_gpt":0.1712929683874412,"score_spread":0.1575483925639224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}