{"id":"W2889213083","doi":"10.1093/jlb/lsy019","title":"Addressing the needs of Canadians with rare diseases: an evaluation of orphan drug incentives","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Law and the Biosciences","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Government of Canada; Ontario Genomics; Ontario Genomics Institute; Genome Canada","keywords":"Orphan drug; Voucher; Incentive; Subsidy; Public economics; Business; Drug; Pharmaceutical industry; Order (exchange); Investment (military); Medicine; Actuarial science; Economics; Finance; Pharmacology; Political science; Accounting; Bioinformatics; Law; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001775097,0.00004758608,0.0001777066,0.00008287751,0.0001619105,0.00005686187,0.0002491542,0.00001274093,0.00004577478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005225173,0.00002421026,0.00004031658,0.000145745,0.001319534,0.0002810398,0.00001905203,0.00004700645,6.198694e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001768781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001095965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001597172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009374178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994228,0.00005357164,0.0003134419,0.00005530877,0.00006189956,0.00009296882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991034,0.00007413222,0.0005544428,0.00009015906,0.0001063485,0.00007154146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001829099,0.00007739778,0.01867042,0.00001786784,0.00007906512,3.43569e-7,0.01271546,0.00006016728,0.00007962467,0.9652992,0.0001074035,0.00271009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01188091,0.001996276,0.1343542,0.00045691,0.0005752602,0.00008611331,0.02646668,0.06560382,0.00618619,0.7023604,0.04928154,0.0007516663],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870265,0.00192842,0.00002411386,0.002276533,0.0001602362,0.00007256792,0.00005318744,6.382153e-7,0.008457839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991413,0.0001441563,0.00002821391,0.0005512517,0.000117817,7.250648e-7,2.330188e-7,0.000002271928,0.00001406077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2629389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4861879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1253909957631091,"score_gpt":0.3372190769577353,"score_spread":0.2118280811946262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}