{"id":"W2889255763","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2018.8447671","title":"DDoS Detection System: Utilizing Gradient Boosting Algorithm and Apache Spark","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau","keywords":"Denial-of-service attack; Computer science; SPARK (programming language); Boosting (machine learning); Statistical classification; Algorithm; Data mining; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; The Internet; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001676544,0.0007339127,0.001237596,0.001324095,0.0005968781,0.001014102,0.001426318,0.0004955,0.000840225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002044731,0.0004117148,0.0007237701,0.0009948612,0.0002892703,0.0009317221,0.0008256339,0.0007264149,0.0005281981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005622269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001847205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004314444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002502675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989758,0.0001492008,0.00008258397,0.0002222865,0.0004269759,0.0001432829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994501,0.00008174444,0.00005424901,0.00006873385,0.0002762832,0.00006886508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001618101,0.001007235,0.01695226,0.0003830807,0.000563892,0.000501908,0.0003358356,0.236274,0.04113752,0.008083888,0.03036955,0.6627727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009392445,0.00009879942,0.001681128,0.000006529524,0.00004136573,0.0001203399,0.00002763571,0.981873,0.0092766,0.002485961,0.004265765,0.00002909563],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1013351,0.0006198725,0.8543651,0.0003947139,0.0003723043,0.0005301788,0.0004817722,0.03592923,0.005971805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6067438,0.0003165047,0.3878836,0.0001989891,0.0001112035,0.0003021894,0.00127173,0.0005821727,0.002589818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004314444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008866549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01611938466570009,"score_gpt":0.2222416145928163,"score_spread":0.2061222299271162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}