{"id":"W2889460620","doi":"10.22599/jesla.48","title":"Relative difficulty in the L2 acquisition of the Spanish dorsal fricative","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the European Second Language Association","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Salient; Articulation (sociology); Context (archaeology); Place of articulation; Voice; Psychology; Linguistics; Focus (optics); Computer science; History; Artificial intelligence; Consonant; Vowel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001014265,0.0006933616,0.0004598833,0.0007140828,0.0003066255,0.00169198,0.0004428069,0.0008913237,0.003657309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003957689,0.0003971889,0.0002695254,0.0001845794,0.0007891246,0.000564114,0.001580617,0.0007099356,0.001177122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004521436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003979148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005232759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003474702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990813,0.0001561602,0.00008278053,0.0002704319,0.0002728013,0.0001365564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982192,0.0004627258,0.0004982753,0.0001887884,0.0003709438,0.0002601795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001775291,0.000439045,0.2671266,0.0003106144,0.0001163482,0.005217743,0.01702072,0.0004092361,0.6668954,0.0004545804,0.0003945919,0.03983971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006075562,0.001333624,0.9309741,0.00006486823,0.0000634184,0.008425689,0.01102253,0.0008374811,0.04332833,0.0004895132,0.003306703,0.0000930184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986272,0.00009502584,0.0002387924,0.00002864786,0.00000339715,0.000006193751,0.00004636882,0.0000161556,0.0009382095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983059,0.00008010832,0.0003208957,0.00004278772,0.000003860603,0.00001434791,0.0001114767,0.00003090658,0.001089795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005232759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01223493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01362775348630854,"score_gpt":0.3004461423395026,"score_spread":0.2868183888531941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}