{"id":"W2889559485","doi":"10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2018.00224","title":"Behavioral-Based Classification and Identification of Ransomware Variants Using Machine Learning","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Identification (biology); Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Statistical classification; Set (abstract data type); Data mining; Malware; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00182522,0.0008350791,0.0006607667,0.00435012,0.0003362446,0.0008176847,0.0006445923,0.0006831754,0.0008001122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0088122,0.0001465257,0.0004952604,0.001797562,0.0004395636,0.001193496,0.0004808338,0.0005529725,0.0008241208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003910741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003031075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001778993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002268649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981083,0.0004275984,0.0002665358,0.0003971746,0.0006385756,0.0001618733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9907448,0.003515445,0.001790179,0.001217497,0.002473146,0.0002590376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008030059,0.0009977253,0.3391699,0.0002967954,0.0002420536,0.0003155601,0.0006815695,0.03604507,0.03261106,0.001064663,0.0021374,0.5856352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001471259,0.0007265799,0.2242197,0.00005592981,0.0000760866,0.001026268,0.0005210374,0.730529,0.04081564,0.0009240102,0.0009922631,0.00009885675],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9190074,0.0001874909,0.07676189,0.0001048271,0.0000482392,0.000190773,0.000577033,0.001314981,0.001807283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9454693,0.00008932725,0.05288058,0.00001867693,0.00001575857,0.00007161456,0.000667157,0.00003784273,0.0007498005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00435012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009652793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04452599276360415,"score_gpt":0.3254418047013594,"score_spread":0.2809158119377552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}