{"id":"W2890219123","doi":"10.4236/msa.2018.910057","title":"Insight on the Ultrastructure, Physicochemical, Thermal Characteristics and Applications of Palm Kernel Shells","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Sciences and Applications","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Acadia University; Nova Scotia Community College","funders":"","keywords":"Differential scanning calorimetry; Materials science; Thermogravimetric analysis; Scanning electron microscope; Palm kernel; Amorphous solid; Chemical engineering; Transmission electron microscopy; Thermogravimetry; Nanopore; Thermal analysis; Carbon fibers; Thermal; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000219988,0.0001306757,0.0001657895,0.00003707795,0.0005114562,0.0002174402,0.0003813026,0.0000455417,0.0002608364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001282896,0.0000792115,0.0000172096,0.0002318372,0.001361526,0.0001053303,0.0001170359,0.0000466216,0.0000517128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006568518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002156603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000243645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.863999e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990386,0.00003154301,0.0002522098,0.0003112195,0.0001824985,0.0001838724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992605,0.0001464957,0.0001794431,0.0002810155,0.00007708721,0.00005541249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005926143,0.00001222925,0.00007738748,0.0000135873,0.000002041804,1.956157e-8,0.00008528893,0.000001193039,0.9592,0.03899435,0.00003234984,0.001575681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000562838,0.00005292491,0.002809445,0.00001495633,0.00001122405,0.00000447146,0.00003574259,0.00002763336,0.9907189,0.003480824,0.002681448,0.0001061661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968978,0.00005553167,0.0006012832,0.0002760415,0.00005497091,0.0005147555,0.0001338326,0.00003154195,0.001434283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984488,0.00004235371,0.0006991113,0.0002324101,0.0003297816,0.0001956935,0.000009774975,0.000007026088,0.00003504799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03551352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5016598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01116634204494479,"score_gpt":0.2439867771101659,"score_spread":0.2328204350652211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}