{"id":"W2890229679","doi":"10.3386/w19560","title":"Contracting Over the Disclosure of Scientific Knowledge: Intellectual Property and Academic Publication","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Intellectual property; Business; Property (philosophy); Accounting; Law and economics; Actuarial science; Political science; Economics; Law; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02657907,0.0003505677,0.0007353114,0.001386725,0.002731663,0.0105796,0.00113903,0.004736808,0.008211603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1087593,0.000402302,0.0006319977,0.002397992,0.007888423,0.009314821,0.003863218,0.003344282,0.0004895512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003284904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005077088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001542268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008446436,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9841574,0.009477039,0.001149149,0.0009759942,0.002572511,0.001667951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7485124,0.1955845,0.04280788,0.006662398,0.003674357,0.002758433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005489136,0.0003688061,0.04945226,0.0003395638,0.0000982382,0.0009552137,0.006232894,0.007144784,0.00199742,0.8815176,0.001318046,0.05002619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002479675,0.0002491211,0.02718478,0.0004397469,0.0001678767,0.0008657752,0.008917369,0.01503987,0.003243213,0.9308153,0.01272645,0.0001025887],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7414577,0.006782048,0.04278978,0.03084243,0.0001263315,0.0001966017,0.0002430096,0.00004930696,0.1775128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963561,0.0007233027,0.001248108,0.0003058279,0.00007901407,0.00003002335,0.00002161567,0.000004623154,0.001231426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9894204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1405652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5005832816913256,"score_gpt":0.4341722724238148,"score_spread":0.06641100926751081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}