{"id":"W2890327729","doi":"10.1002/da.22841","title":"Shortening self-report mental health symptom measures through optimal test assembly methods: Development and validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression-4","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Depression and Anxiety","topic":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University Health Centre; McGill University; University of Calgary; Concordia University; Hotchkiss Brain Institute; Jewish General Hospital","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institute of Mental Health; Programme Grants for Applied Research; Health Research Council of New Zealand; Medical Research Council; National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Canadian Arthritis Network; Health Resources and Services Administration; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Ischemia Research and Education Foundation; National Institutes of Health; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Health Services Research and Development; Scleroderma Society of Ontario; University of Washington; Hunter Medical Research Institute; Jewish General Hospital; Alberta Health Services; University of Michigan; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Baylor College of Medicine; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; National Health and Medical Research Council; American Federation for Aging Research; Safe Work Australia; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Patient Health Questionnaire; Cronbach's alpha; Clinical psychology; Confirmatory factor analysis; Test (biology); Medicine; Depression (economics); Reliability (semiconductor); Psychometrics; Mental health; Depressive symptoms; Psychology; Psychiatry; Structural equation modeling; Anxiety; Computer science; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008775694,0.0002211993,0.0004629662,0.0001431611,0.001142772,0.0001432365,0.0003327729,0.00009846728,0.00001525043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009217454,0.0001248332,0.00007606647,0.0007892614,0.0001606883,0.0002863709,0.0005137508,0.000193019,0.000001439887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006501603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002623617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001218835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001156271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952379,0.001279797,0.001203341,0.0007521914,0.001177684,0.0003491174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955117,0.00222548,0.001196137,0.0005377473,0.0003191883,0.0002098194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000141435,0.0000742835,0.4250376,0.0000150517,0.00001489942,5.113739e-7,0.004189109,0.00001135939,0.0007733301,0.0000173325,0.001950072,0.5679023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007565194,0.0003049372,0.8731664,0.0008276479,0.000017108,0.0004175477,0.002759475,0.003689195,0.06148881,0.0007735309,0.05539977,0.0003990495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8620695,0.003550166,0.131175,0.001114886,0.0009098459,0.0005281557,0.000009580212,0.0001089998,0.0005338716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7071412,0.0003180184,0.2920436,0.0003805508,0.00005489923,0.00001287519,0.00000353911,0.00001098691,0.00003433804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5675032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1662303531559708,"score_gpt":0.4516214455416743,"score_spread":0.2853910923857035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}