{"id":"W2890443334","doi":"10.3386/w18425","title":"How Is Power Shared In Africa?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Booth School of Business, University of Chicago","keywords":"Autocracy; Ethnic group; Elite; Cabinet (room); Politics; Power sharing; Power (physics); Population; Independence (probability theory); Proportional representation; Political science; Representation (politics); Political economy; Development economics; Economics; Sociology; Geography; Democracy; Demography; Law; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003853698,0.0001538832,0.0003650105,0.0005189223,0.0002781097,0.0002173763,0.0006311139,0.0003560089,0.001579155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007275887,0.0001619332,0.0001248788,0.000160288,0.0004238277,0.0002995858,0.0006021169,0.0006092253,0.0002158959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001502321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001518381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001985513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003000661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976869,0.0002026386,0.0003759475,0.0004397307,0.0007166559,0.0005781861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984114,0.000519574,0.0001759737,0.000182733,0.0005867018,0.0001235923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003002075,0.0001225904,0.01611476,0.00005198339,0.0001484033,0.000001057295,0.03830067,0.00002499536,0.000006672883,0.7044171,0.2403274,0.0004543287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003628541,0.00001330519,0.0168792,0.00007349314,0.000004192423,2.357638e-7,0.01004748,0.00001636201,0.00003622514,0.6694137,0.3028331,0.000319773],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009075772,0.001886096,0.000001436287,0.01695635,0.0004907203,0.0005934101,0.0001035453,0.00001637148,0.9708763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9798747,0.0008054737,0.0002511774,0.00004939217,0.0005050647,0.0001571681,0.00005650101,0.00001217429,0.01828831],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.970799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.464133473958826,"score_gpt":0.5102220314187231,"score_spread":0.04608855745989715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}