{"id":"W2890875782","doi":"10.1093/ntr/nty174","title":"Biomarkers of Exposure Among “Dual Users” of Tobacco Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes in Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University of Waterloo","funders":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Waterloo; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care; Public Health Agency; Public Health Agency of Canada","keywords":"Tobacco product; Medicine; Electronic cigarette; Cotinine; Nicotine; Hop (telecommunications); Environmental health; Young adult; Toxicology; Internal medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00120972,0.0001559349,0.0003807454,0.0003912977,0.00006682127,0.00001561073,0.000174352,0.0001335173,0.0002965244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003436224,0.0001427481,0.00004820085,0.0009367851,0.000450134,0.0001143112,0.0001180749,0.0005048441,4.703026e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004849226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00173028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.513295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5703902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972889,0.0001619449,0.0004727024,0.0003528107,0.001079741,0.0006439333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984704,0.000275624,0.0001175851,0.0004268283,0.0005716747,0.0001379473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001803467,0.00008042908,0.9779658,0.00003414034,0.00004917151,0.000009742732,0.0001948376,7.455132e-7,0.007096252,0.0000559561,0.001631688,0.01270089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001186153,0.0006734944,0.9082165,0.0002122609,0.00003023114,0.000007677366,0.001194997,0.00001591602,0.08819493,0.00001692905,0.0001464139,0.0001044869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979898,0.000207526,6.712822e-7,0.0005664797,0.00007605149,0.0003999353,0.00001439063,0.00001293693,0.0007321836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995812,0.00008612243,0.0000138136,0.00004726694,0.0001070441,0.00002027824,0.0000268495,0.00002655217,0.00009085235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08109868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03451687421565671,"score_gpt":0.3235744861151722,"score_spread":0.2890576118995155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}