{"id":"W2891037785","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2018.1508277","title":"Western and heritage cultural internalizations predict EFL students’ language motivation and confidence","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heritage language; Psychology; Cultural heritage; Western culture; English as a foreign language; Foreign language; Language acquisition; Target culture; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics education; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008853708,0.0002292985,0.0002358934,0.0007390428,0.0006340657,0.001778201,0.000271499,0.0004783565,0.004175223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003042863,0.0001893582,0.0003576899,0.0004092796,0.0006611591,0.000513153,0.001191336,0.0009264404,0.0004367476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000407899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006276171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005216472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009478865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999625,0.00007289263,0.00004149773,0.00003663,0.0001187396,0.0001053267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967833,0.000512999,0.001150745,0.0001122669,0.000367149,0.001073641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002138822,0.0002533503,0.9938083,0.000009751359,0.00001362526,0.00006625387,0.00198065,0.00002322981,0.00031599,0.0001006049,0.00006575101,0.003341071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002918382,0.00008137519,0.9929213,0.00002304498,0.00001290894,0.0000779653,0.00602277,0.0002331526,0.0002064237,0.000108619,0.0003013478,0.000008093439],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999229,0.00002447539,0.00001956441,0.00003082075,0.000001320934,0.000002532355,0.000007067813,8.71492e-7,0.0006843888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993773,0.00003635226,0.00005148377,0.00001353185,0.000001317243,0.000004262888,0.00002096515,9.987691e-7,0.0004937754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005216472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01396751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02927835713619034,"score_gpt":0.3625708641450002,"score_spread":0.3332925070088099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}