{"id":"W2891154183","doi":"10.1115/1.4041507","title":"Effect of Sand Bed Deposits on the Characteristics of Turbulent Flow of Water in Horizontal Annuli","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Shear stress; Mechanics; Annulus (botany); Volumetric flow rate; Reynolds stress; Materials science; Physics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001967319,0.0002169824,0.0002562237,0.0001845215,0.00021162,0.0002770712,0.0001593866,0.0001383206,0.0005733095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004165999,0.0001384468,0.0001536728,0.0001398857,0.0003683928,0.0002412795,0.000200626,0.0002272153,0.00005912227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002280003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002208705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001154477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001208837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998711,0.00001231913,0.000009297765,0.0000285246,0.00003776546,0.00004096315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997471,0.00008668061,0.0000603252,0.00001955964,0.00004217053,0.00004411778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000359528,0.00008463151,0.004321137,0.00003703382,0.000006092219,0.00006413037,0.00006300308,0.000869819,0.9919569,0.00006340234,0.00001030325,0.002163954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001358548,0.001235559,0.02390493,0.000004553962,0.00001752441,0.00002632731,0.00009491928,0.004299379,0.9702135,0.00002381416,0.0001560431,0.000009825523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996402,0.00002282662,0.0002204169,0.000001869387,0.000001241819,0.00000337365,0.00001199868,0.000004893973,0.00009321322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993265,0.00004274557,0.0004548006,0.0000029277,8.452321e-7,0.000003777324,0.00002675278,0.000002416294,0.0001393725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001154477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002295554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003331927670411809,"score_gpt":0.1833829316449123,"score_spread":0.1800510039745005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}