{"id":"W2891250305","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2018.08.052","title":"A comprehensive CFD study on the effect of dense vertical internals on the hydrodynamics and population balance model in bubble columns","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bubble; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Balance (ability); Population; Materials science; Physics; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003067708,0.0004056915,0.0006087976,0.000273257,0.0006040446,0.0005096161,0.0004820011,0.0006078702,0.001086508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001146035,0.0002536718,0.0005606408,0.0001957264,0.0005248291,0.0006015859,0.0005730453,0.0006767913,0.00009686255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006384891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009824754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03399772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01350799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999046,0.00002234223,0.000004322201,0.00001707626,0.00002291872,0.00002874539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994465,0.0003185771,0.00005056737,0.00003738149,0.00008665818,0.00006040895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001029722,0.0002135273,0.006015306,0.00009365666,0.00005388137,0.0002974088,0.0001020546,0.9479575,0.02892799,0.007513907,0.0009383002,0.007783475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001071889,0.0000333673,0.001726662,0.0000033611,0.00001027203,0.00001520055,0.00001868089,0.995029,0.002513369,0.0003646399,0.0002625683,0.00001210972],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.961357,0.0008610453,0.02871623,0.000565452,0.0000832863,0.00004560493,0.0003740656,0.000182291,0.007814963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944571,0.0002919679,0.003100893,0.00006549881,0.00003534286,0.00001467777,0.0001313666,0.00004198649,0.001861229],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03399772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06759965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007686603916600324,"score_gpt":0.2241884731196119,"score_spread":0.2165018692030116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}