{"id":"W2891260154","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13057","title":"Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology","topic":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; University of Vermont; Harvard University","keywords":"Herbivore; Herbarium; Ecology; Plant tolerance to herbivory; Biology; Abundance (ecology); Insect; Climate change; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005432242,0.00007638555,0.0001308641,0.00002077302,0.0001592182,0.00002214409,0.0002369739,0.00006553942,0.07207621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007609879,0.00004954714,0.00007580315,0.0001183351,0.0003673128,0.0001089712,0.0001333843,0.000179138,0.0009155405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004576985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001255683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004386338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003717851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991229,0.0001252622,0.0002533015,0.00008959738,0.0001760646,0.0002328664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994268,0.00009325878,0.000241031,0.0001246236,0.0000289584,0.00008526342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002480248,0.0002812145,0.6918942,0.000007920788,0.00005748249,0.00009461604,0.0007707899,0.0000105441,0.02796904,0.0008430415,0.2770189,0.0008041937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002686831,0.0001622619,0.858311,0.000004537607,0.00001461755,0.0002576406,0.0006601978,0.000006056768,0.0001229151,0.0001167419,0.1400226,0.00005275637],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9669278,0.00008446146,0.00000797154,0.00226732,0.0009590657,0.00004704587,0.00000282802,0.000005158119,0.02969833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972749,0.00005795133,0.00005156339,0.001672403,0.0006619848,7.324709e-7,8.155706e-7,0.000006109359,0.0002734765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1664167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0157218073890314,"score_gpt":0.2467236429790808,"score_spread":0.2310018355900494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}