{"id":"W2891459631","doi":"10.1007/s10612-018-9411-1","title":"Exploring Police Violence: A Review Essay","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Critical Criminology","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Criminology; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001007871,0.000328272,0.001396386,0.0001654885,0.0007318355,0.0000805145,0.0007659975,0.0004755594,0.001933712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003220632,0.0002900588,0.0004548086,0.0003163133,0.001715031,0.0003828407,0.0001746924,0.0007589342,0.003698471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002298858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009607808,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01797993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00126966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961284,0.001476491,0.0006181209,0.0005466356,0.0002913616,0.0009390129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965214,0.002234413,0.0001451143,0.0005433149,0.0001986095,0.000357108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[6.492934e-7,0.00004014869,2.61356e-7,0.02294984,0.00002396321,0.000005044959,0.003194159,1.059162e-9,1.920684e-8,0.0716012,0.003922977,0.8982617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001866688,0.00004186957,0.000002144025,0.04905397,0.00123181,0.0000279547,0.0003999166,6.077563e-8,2.230567e-8,0.0007919976,0.9481348,0.000296721],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003635558,0.9607366,0.00002264426,0.001903162,0.001808591,0.0004009962,0.0000437593,0.0001549627,0.03492565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000008744594,0.9942387,0.0001861815,0.001837844,0.002830901,0.000362706,0.0000204641,0.00003908854,0.0004753561],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9442119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.703870198278826,"score_gpt":0.5500340778119844,"score_spread":0.1538361204668416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}