{"id":"W2891816493","doi":"","title":"The Value Spread","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Econometrics; Value premium; Economics; Profitability index; Valuation (finance); Stock (firearms); Statistics; Financial economics; Mathematics; Capital asset pricing model; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005166543,0.0002669786,0.0002332846,0.001550563,0.0001744878,0.001662173,0.0003651619,0.0006331094,0.008436631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006397322,0.0001213865,0.0002308547,0.001256342,0.0003485022,0.001894414,0.0005942633,0.0005567396,0.001593211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003274541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001531335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006775048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003261468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997172,0.00003551713,0.00001741663,0.0001169711,0.00007849735,0.00003434991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973944,0.001055195,0.0007270283,0.0003071842,0.0003285071,0.0001876161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004133437,0.0003148628,0.3778922,0.0001888103,0.0005348616,0.0008846992,0.000923418,0.04383416,0.01866451,0.2845143,0.01093891,0.260896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004292317,0.000208338,0.5720784,0.0001121683,0.0001345619,0.002385188,0.0005846405,0.08499128,0.008652339,0.3075463,0.02313946,0.0001243134],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9051965,0.00237826,0.03397362,0.0007395875,0.00009433725,0.0000405357,0.003363581,0.0002129384,0.05400059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948084,0.0003326781,0.001362961,0.00003302269,0.00005513893,0.00001137874,0.0008670113,0.00001654261,0.002512944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008436631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02822334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05209708461188099,"score_gpt":0.288616815399014,"score_spread":0.236519730787133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}