{"id":"W2892128730","doi":"10.1007/s12117-018-9350-y","title":"Business cartels and organised crime: exclusive and inclusive systems of collusion","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Organized Crime","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Cartel; Collusion; Organised crime; Competitor analysis; Shadow (psychology); Reputation; Price fixing; Order (exchange); Business; Procurement; Cheating; Law and economics; Economics; Industrial organization; Law; Political science; Marketing; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003744958,0.0002072711,0.0004801975,0.0002382804,0.0005088071,0.00008090252,0.0002260931,0.0001845669,0.0003242965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003768225,0.0002033479,0.00002446331,0.001263569,0.0009586698,0.0003054337,0.000270045,0.0001277359,0.000007434527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001531141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002148879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01603981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002639999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982798,0.000204962,0.0003480052,0.0003868644,0.0004090101,0.0003713285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988375,0.0002344849,0.0002456035,0.0002353686,0.0003190301,0.0001279802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001116695,0.0009656965,0.02985556,0.0004730736,0.0002130447,0.0001258316,0.6046771,0.000003292246,0.2296024,0.09014818,0.01415779,0.02866131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01667981,0.0009845598,0.6542545,0.0009305142,0.0004506204,0.00009007369,0.1453267,0.0001552558,0.1059179,0.005322116,0.06723974,0.00264821],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.968478,0.001071618,0.0000315343,0.0004589919,0.0005695623,0.000236322,0.00003791903,0.00006472458,0.02905134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957327,0.000338494,0.00007179212,0.00008866828,0.000408394,0.000005842753,0.00000499917,0.00003129003,0.003317838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6243989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9905125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01831036962958622,"score_gpt":0.3124770815715016,"score_spread":0.2941667119419153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}