{"id":"W2892363859","doi":"10.3386/w8831","title":"Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Russia and Soviet political economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Backwardness; Perspective (graphical); Politics; Political science; Positive economics; Economics; Neoclassical economics; Computer science; Law; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004266965,0.0002066971,0.0005829858,0.0008800625,0.00020963,0.0001698434,0.0009723313,0.0006488527,0.005141252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00113628,0.0002455757,0.0002459137,0.0001031974,0.001577004,0.000229143,0.0004718385,0.001291738,0.001183588],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01067282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005101732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04719674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006599127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960745,0.000740854,0.0007435613,0.0007466804,0.000603681,0.001090753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973114,0.001353689,0.0001415368,0.0003211554,0.0004608131,0.000411464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001780298,0.00009033968,0.001678091,0.00003304969,0.00003384796,0.000003051383,0.001460287,0.000465,4.91466e-7,0.9929208,0.003205394,0.00009186723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003302977,0.00002707174,0.001306998,0.00004985033,0.000003686999,7.900778e-7,0.003877648,0.001250871,0.00001165199,0.9853144,0.00760411,0.0002226064],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02940878,0.0001817802,0.000002069528,0.01801522,0.0005365302,0.0006081559,0.0001118387,0.00001927457,0.9511163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926764,0.0002123574,0.0001099751,0.00008339511,0.001383044,0.000139974,0.00003349375,0.00002461144,0.005336747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9632676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3593353262054915,"score_gpt":0.5632636707492982,"score_spread":0.2039283445438067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}