{"id":"W2894725121","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty2755","title":"The age of the Galactic stellar halo from<i>Gaia</i>white dwarfs","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Planetary Science Division; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; National Central University; Queen's University Belfast; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; University of Edinburgh; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Durham University; York University; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Hawai'i; National Science Foundation; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Arizona; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; University of Washington; European Space Agency; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; Queen's University; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Lockheed Martin; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Science Mission Directorate; Yale University","keywords":"Physics; White dwarf; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Galactic halo; Halo; Massive compact halo object; Milky Way; Brown dwarf; Globular cluster; Photometry (optics); Stars; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006106694,0.0003944538,0.0003833114,0.001726855,0.0004254467,0.000972348,0.0003646156,0.0002517872,0.0004387755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001235561,0.0002574064,0.0003999412,0.001045284,0.0002732938,0.0003022219,0.0006341034,0.0001747007,0.0005150578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005450945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002481104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007852203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009335308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997579,0.00002129354,0.00001568748,0.00007779255,0.00006438751,0.00006287025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990675,0.00009562231,0.0003784566,0.0001278353,0.0001655432,0.0001650221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105652,0.000012059,0.9816083,0.00001997212,0.00008349309,0.00006219953,0.0001651382,0.0007079978,0.0104558,0.0001047578,0.0003088716,0.006365749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003180809,0.00002940515,0.9969109,0.000004928281,0.0000353021,0.00006786628,0.0000499603,0.0006531337,0.00131385,0.00003980786,0.0008861356,0.000005718378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985675,0.0001343691,0.000187135,0.00001087442,0.000002793187,0.000002585651,0.0005736508,0.00003049736,0.000490633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960751,0.00007955971,0.0003225283,0.00001320153,0.000005865344,0.000004034865,0.003226166,0.00002047554,0.0002530732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007852203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01561296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00831517769120965,"score_gpt":0.2004698583433057,"score_spread":0.1921546806520961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}