{"id":"W2895789762","doi":"10.1177/2158244018805791","title":"A Comparison of Rural Educational Disadvantage in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand Using OECD’s PISA","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAGE Open","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Disadvantage; Socioeconomic status; Literacy; Economic growth; Reading (process); Economic shortage; Rural area; Political science; Sociology; Demography; Economics; Population; Government (linguistics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002256668,0.00004407494,0.0001241257,0.00002912228,0.0001121709,0.00006705333,0.0001760405,0.00002670459,0.001039141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032169,0.00004302878,0.000007621034,0.00009895216,0.0001030142,0.0001565874,0.00003810252,0.00003718737,0.000007440553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001033598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001636944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9958787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.993855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994238,0.00007398352,0.0001676202,0.00006872434,0.0001279103,0.0001379545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996533,0.00005531632,0.00008611711,0.00007660517,0.000023896,0.0001047685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003961313,0.00001947271,0.9309152,0.000003794377,0.000003046615,8.939735e-8,0.05337658,7.294556e-7,0.000111351,0.001687281,0.01299635,0.0008821775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003387468,0.00002349214,0.8099089,0.0001023207,0.000006331192,0.000001189509,0.05163293,0.000006765631,0.0001418626,0.001385854,0.1363082,0.0001433554],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923245,0.00004323106,0.000001884272,0.001850102,0.0002763187,0.0001879057,0.0000119498,0.000001246097,0.00530292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9687949,0.000002906599,0.0001837105,0.00006919391,0.0003924984,0.00000261131,0.000003553045,0.000002948968,0.03054761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1233118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1231100315627691,"score_gpt":0.4825649301891113,"score_spread":0.3594548986263422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}