{"id":"W2895988612","doi":"10.2118/191482-ms","title":"Contribution of Oil and Gas Production in The US to The Climate Change","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Texas A and M University","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Petroleum industry; Fugitive emissions; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Associated petroleum gas; Production (economics); Natural resource economics; Petroleum; Climate change; Environmental protection; Natural gas; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Economics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005525239,0.0003227102,0.0001356115,0.001312138,0.0002957723,0.001093115,0.000218169,0.0002647821,0.001353007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001411253,0.00009434972,0.0003711501,0.003225394,0.0002342823,0.0005264858,0.0007905769,0.0006645746,0.000181875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001684571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001509334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1014883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1003579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996196,0.00009203192,0.0000192477,0.00005280349,0.0001486792,0.00006752754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991558,0.0001413064,0.0002282917,0.00003248495,0.0003678969,0.00007417152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001792045,0.00009992542,0.8940259,0.000282856,0.0005546535,0.0006015972,0.0003754424,0.01772488,0.002078336,0.00768818,0.0135259,0.06286314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001098274,0.00008963735,0.891465,0.0001857719,0.0002682125,0.0003228846,0.002218831,0.0158242,0.003265179,0.004433797,0.0818699,0.00004565196],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9288713,0.008859978,0.002168467,0.009219957,0.0004739351,0.00003753419,0.01807742,0.0001165335,0.0321749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914622,0.003357595,0.000407085,0.0002712069,0.00012298,0.00001155124,0.002876946,0.00001507373,0.001475245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1014883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2017951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01416642908914111,"score_gpt":0.2390078474413972,"score_spread":0.2248414183522561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}