{"id":"W2897472948","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/p12006","title":"Comparison between simulated and observed LHC beam backgrounds in the ATLAS experiment at <i>E</i><sub>beam</sub>=4 TeV","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of British Columbia; TRIUMF; Carleton University; Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; McGill University; University of Victoria; University of Toronto","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Royal Society; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; European Social Fund; European Regional Development Fund; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Research Center \"Kurchatov Institute\"; Israel Science Foundation; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Austrian Science Fund; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles; Generalitat de Catalunya; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; National Science Foundation; Compute Canada; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; TRIUMF; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); Canarie; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; CERN; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","keywords":"Large Hadron Collider; Atlas (anatomy); Physics; Monte Carlo method; Nuclear physics; Beam (structure); Detector; ATLAS experiment; Atlas detector; Hadron; Scattering; Particle physics; Optics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002140672,0.0001327639,0.0002414495,0.00003298919,0.0001859742,0.00006340093,0.0001179219,0.000022512,0.00003488649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000364481,0.00009222318,0.00006816718,0.0001402259,0.0001793635,0.0002327339,0.00007057438,0.0001239337,0.00001855158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007948001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000113819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004203091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001848364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989246,0.00007079724,0.0004605833,0.0001140754,0.0002432991,0.0001866053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994352,0.00009552665,0.0002589361,0.00008364164,0.00006135524,0.00006531247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001541152,0.000279121,0.4347752,0.000004731171,0.0001240111,0.000001120194,0.004367005,0.00005116656,0.5522649,0.001215365,0.0002365886,0.006526657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001213272,0.0004064093,0.03085704,0.00003159365,0.00003748354,0.000001438814,0.004295716,0.0001838057,0.9596896,0.00308241,0.00009601562,0.0001052413],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987726,0.00009057555,0.0001252135,0.0002238802,0.0001043232,0.0001231686,0.000004687268,0.000003957454,0.0005516331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995125,0.000006480856,0.00006619979,0.00003482822,0.0003525019,0.000004727516,0.00001142251,0.000008252145,0.000003092395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4074247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3760752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04007396085149269,"score_gpt":0.3176139390130632,"score_spread":0.2775399781615706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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