{"id":"W2898054965","doi":"10.3390/ijerph15112331","title":"Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province","keywords":"Biochar; Adsorption; Soil water; Environmental chemistry; Pyrolysis; Chemistry; Cadmium; Sorption; Stalk; Charcoal; Environmental science; Soil science; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002571603,0.0001717111,0.0002646144,0.0002965783,0.0001402839,0.000054546,0.0005319224,0.00007289761,0.003399535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001536887,0.0001325584,0.00006071673,0.0001662387,0.001569787,0.0004044551,0.0002750318,0.0004441784,0.0001741938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001077175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001276671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001236789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005168196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956385,0.000395444,0.000624907,0.0003121748,0.002462978,0.0005659336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984759,0.0001725276,0.0004339668,0.0002325845,0.000038389,0.0006466032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002569061,0.006590303,0.09037383,0.00004440947,0.0005484974,0.0001337491,0.003591376,0.0001380799,0.6535999,0.001047895,0.004894088,0.2364688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006939478,0.02675878,0.7015594,0.0003478982,0.00001905067,0.00078879,0.003859447,0.0003574063,0.1789141,0.003493269,0.07623234,0.000730028],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909903,0.0001416802,0.0005425933,0.006723076,0.0001726106,0.0002450764,0.00004996877,0.000005222874,0.001129415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965028,0.001081768,0.001476502,0.0004784993,0.000207613,0.000007762253,0.00001098853,0.00002193312,0.0002120977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6111856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07645702114120102,"score_gpt":0.3629319807361806,"score_spread":0.2864749595949796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}