{"id":"W2898299551","doi":"10.5539/ass.v14n11p16","title":"Scientific Argumentation in Chemistry Education: Implications and Suggestions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Blueprint; Argument (complex analysis); Critical thinking; Science education; Engineering ethics; Mathematics education; Scientific thinking; Scientific literacy; Government (linguistics); Sociology; Computer science; Epistemology; Psychology; Chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01149717,0.001075618,0.0008121476,0.004180566,0.003270891,0.006669781,0.002884672,0.004645873,0.01423289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02926514,0.0003898394,0.0008397012,0.005905095,0.003601143,0.01039608,0.002954622,0.003945624,0.00183096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005097051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02296894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01144032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01998998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940292,0.003820006,0.000415891,0.0005549751,0.0007277182,0.0004522965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9440606,0.03370399,0.002763815,0.0009559642,0.01405439,0.00446124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006495476,0.001766686,0.05235894,0.01631232,0.000203312,0.005963248,0.04010136,0.002325668,0.0007596132,0.2634245,0.1399308,0.4762039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000181266,0.0003516238,0.04435023,0.03313105,0.0003465452,0.001783475,0.3386271,0.005632332,0.001046694,0.3095195,0.2648253,0.0002048839],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03085586,0.1286694,0.006908852,0.7758083,0.006273023,0.0005135195,0.0003894427,0.000158845,0.05042263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6599933,0.224815,0.02792216,0.06177496,0.004299465,0.001263746,0.00044002,0.00006508722,0.01942628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01423289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06080359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02177833364734699,"score_gpt":0.3767656787981214,"score_spread":0.3549873451507744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}