{"id":"W2899864319","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.027","title":"Mature counterfactual reasoning in 4- and 5-year-olds","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Causal reasoning; Psychology; Overdetermined system; Developmental psychology; Causation; Cognitive psychology; Causal structure; Task (project management); Social psychology; Cognition; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001455365,0.0005975495,0.0009914534,0.001536854,0.0006442168,0.002730929,0.0006812653,0.001249734,0.004700901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006457384,0.0005855036,0.0006326109,0.0004191719,0.001666974,0.001850735,0.001244036,0.001736078,0.00129394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005936442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006563393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009042393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006748144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993545,0.00005619412,0.00007513712,0.0001550212,0.0001819874,0.0001770573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957004,0.001196288,0.0009502664,0.0004767566,0.0007388764,0.0009373728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006744919,0.007955067,0.7396558,0.0004233842,0.0003978962,0.0115365,0.04479846,0.001507831,0.1111212,0.006001035,0.003029353,0.06682849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000103357,0.002124678,0.9797035,0.00005321102,0.0001059401,0.001764202,0.005470653,0.0008490371,0.005421313,0.00239602,0.001931337,0.00007663161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988521,0.0001414519,0.00004990919,0.0000184903,0.00001152137,0.000005506069,0.000128759,0.00001461037,0.0007776511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971415,0.0001440114,0.0001689894,0.00003291241,0.000006788072,0.00001584761,0.000330618,0.000008759564,0.002150598],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009042393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0179795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01318407905872292,"score_gpt":0.2842988686266676,"score_spread":0.2711147895679447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}