{"id":"W2900693399","doi":"10.1007/s00159-019-0115-7","title":"The astrophysics of nanohertz gravitational waves","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":282,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory; European Commission; Flatiron Health; Associated Universities; Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Gravitational wave; Pulsar; Supermassive black hole; Gravitational-wave astronomy; Galaxy; Millisecond pulsar; COSMIC cancer database; Space Science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002701216,0.000199422,0.0003201864,0.00001760599,0.0003281483,0.00006814572,0.0004193999,0.0000146307,0.0001396955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005313203,0.0001135701,0.0002095031,0.0002091373,0.0002071721,0.0001544572,0.0001570729,0.0002395908,0.0001018835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009688452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000785689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001427367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.059948e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998652,0.0001285367,0.0003525078,0.0002234722,0.0003303618,0.0003130925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988195,0.0003028603,0.0002437533,0.000414951,0.0001485273,0.00007040537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002990118,0.00009355287,0.0009619577,0.0001941888,0.0002184928,1.704449e-7,0.00007055541,0.0001239783,0.002559729,0.2466724,0.0006359441,0.7484392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001380746,0.0005196346,0.01797639,0.001634233,0.0002774638,0.000004015688,0.001203685,0.0003449439,0.001686923,0.1539101,0.8203532,0.0007087534],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8262075,0.06834022,0.05812949,0.01313201,0.001087834,0.007500993,0.002677993,0.00005251239,0.02287147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980495,0.001263259,0.01120585,0.0001608369,0.000473003,0.00009994109,0.0004492335,0.00005310478,0.005799783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8197172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4631254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009788842675104355,"score_gpt":0.3029447913621656,"score_spread":0.2931559486870612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}