{"id":"W2900713760","doi":"10.5465/ambpp.2012.12636abstract","title":"Determinants of Formal Entrepreneurship versus Informal Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academy of Management Proceedings","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Entrepreneurship; Socioeconomic status; Economic geography; Order (exchange); Empirical evidence; Set (abstract data type); Macro level; Macro; Economics; Economic system; Sociology; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001023006,0.0003761986,0.0004214228,0.0002723595,0.0003410554,0.00009123253,0.0009643439,0.0001309674,0.0002929145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000143027,0.0002812047,0.000222851,0.0006013556,0.0003261222,0.00358399,0.001836082,0.0002307859,0.0001480332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003335273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000428052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005504399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008512864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970199,0.000007330575,0.0008335291,0.0003722146,0.0007738215,0.000993205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985368,0.0001107562,0.001007109,0.0001900866,0.0001129657,0.00004229341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005069484,0.0001092482,0.9351872,0.000927964,0.0001422095,7.060167e-7,0.0004806082,0.00001109797,0.0001696482,0.03019373,0.005979167,0.02629143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00198498,0.00005141929,0.8950424,0.0002086285,0.0004907272,0.00000448718,0.002011797,0.00005858032,0.01136588,0.0004972585,0.08778036,0.0005034902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574678,0.0004809357,0.000002312523,0.0008753576,0.0004377189,0.0005478117,0.000007315992,0.00007525236,0.04010548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966427,0.0002920582,0.00006901954,0.001088349,0.0006117739,0.00006257107,0.000005227188,0.00003077157,0.001197505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0818012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05665180835648325,"score_gpt":0.2766829506745736,"score_spread":0.2200311423180903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}