{"id":"W2900754682","doi":"10.1017/s0142716418000589","title":"The development of a measure of root awareness to account for reading performance in the Arabic language: A development and validation study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Fluency; Reading (process); Confirmatory factor analysis; Arabic; Reading comprehension; Structural equation modeling; Population; Phonological awareness; Root (linguistics); Variance (accounting); Cognitive psychology; Natural language processing; Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002366494,0.0001723454,0.0002288911,0.0001325328,0.000287356,0.00003850114,0.0003585218,0.00005887728,0.000004925134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001659544,0.0001130113,0.00001733606,0.0003324755,0.0000633069,0.00001301542,0.00004281928,0.0001093308,0.00001075057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005038987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001243982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001691734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001394339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983056,0.00005545398,0.0007235718,0.000309373,0.0003198082,0.0002862379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987693,0.0003170384,0.0002259701,0.0003986703,0.0002489483,0.00004003855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008033874,0.0006104656,0.06676076,0.0001225349,0.0001777988,0.000001527889,0.7558863,0.00001484374,0.0004892046,0.004603675,0.0003233674,0.1702061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002833341,0.0003742483,0.869485,0.0002815383,0.0000671985,0.000007504474,0.04633094,0.00004872102,0.01135206,0.0002642149,0.06841888,0.0005364068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896107,0.00004515519,0.00264209,0.00002713193,0.0004749273,0.001194833,0.00000318511,0.00001330259,0.005988717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989994,9.975471e-7,0.009115584,0.00005569387,0.0001340134,0.0005596956,0.000009500629,0.00001953881,0.0001109265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8027242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4608468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04153954789471467,"score_gpt":0.3632442337029538,"score_spread":0.3217046858082391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}