{"id":"W2900832804","doi":"10.1039/c8en00994e","title":"Occurrence and formation of incidental metallic Cu and CuS nanoparticles in organic-rich contaminated surface soils in Timmins, Ontario","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science Nano","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; University of Sudbury","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Contamination; Soil water; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Copper; Metal; Materials science; Soil science; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001610418,0.0002469372,0.0002211421,0.001319468,0.002533322,0.001092625,0.000547118,0.000265112,0.001166054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004450521,0.0002876494,0.0001915241,0.001845937,0.0007072354,0.0002557986,0.0004342035,0.0001856278,0.000177335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01270732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01213671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9811221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9951823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995561,0.00001997179,0.00001740965,0.0000780398,0.0002106661,0.0001178097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995118,0.00002536242,0.000137755,0.00001216517,0.0002538445,0.00005907121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003536085,0.0000586105,0.9225953,0.0002983173,0.00006921803,0.001287825,0.01034134,0.0004333824,0.04155748,0.0003614978,0.001565439,0.02107788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005617042,0.00005184009,0.9861006,0.00002716837,0.00002152469,0.0001699405,0.007103747,0.0002518019,0.002541482,0.00003800393,0.003676005,0.00001229072],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945808,0.0002548728,0.0001709982,0.00007381065,0.000003336997,0.00002547106,0.0007839573,0.000009676921,0.004097076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944612,0.000415394,0.0003602546,0.00003479685,0.000002842349,0.00001169635,0.0003650094,0.000006858398,0.004342024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01887786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09219849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009016497249439741,"score_gpt":0.2187069467647837,"score_spread":0.2096904495153439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}