{"id":"W2901826418","doi":"10.1002/adma.201805609","title":"The Absence and Importance of Operando Techniques for Metal‐Free Catalysts","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Office of Energy Efficiency; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; Program for Innovative Research Team of Ningbo Novel Photoelectric Materials and Devices; Office of Science; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Chicago; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Henan University; Argonne National Laboratory; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Nanotechnology; Materials science; Catalysis; Metal; Electrochemistry; Electrode; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001047175,0.0004507306,0.001659395,0.00009114973,0.0001829234,0.00004778894,0.0008336569,0.0002462793,0.00001914222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007080203,0.000283962,0.0002378315,0.0001722467,0.0002451732,0.0002020142,0.0002620062,0.00007561157,0.000008727726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000122878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001458497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001053827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002667853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977197,0.0001101066,0.0009609899,0.0005329062,0.0002853271,0.0003909493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971037,0.000410784,0.0009079005,0.001209415,0.0003109698,0.00005722592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002044745,0.00002817115,2.37686e-7,0.01453742,0.0005585831,0.000005735131,0.00003185307,3.468012e-7,0.05127773,0.02261309,0.001758542,0.9089838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002024931,0.00008904186,8.826442e-8,0.001669865,0.00026386,0.00001906726,0.000002982157,7.460194e-8,0.2688704,0.002164724,0.7264826,0.0002347661],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002217596,0.9973294,0.0000497355,0.00001578322,0.0004382133,0.00109395,0.00009127366,0.0001082239,0.0006516759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002349584,0.9952165,0.002587515,0.0000179599,0.0001929437,0.0007732411,0.0002130097,0.0001050374,0.0006587787],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.908749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01770602937078774,"score_gpt":0.3002199024093919,"score_spread":0.2825138730386042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}