{"id":"W2902098401","doi":"10.3968/10570","title":"Academic Writing Difficulty of Chinese Students: The Cultural Issue Behind Chinese and British Academic Writing Styles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in literature and language","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Academic writing; Argument (complex analysis); Style (visual arts); Comprehension; Psychology; Atmosphere (unit); Writing style; Mathematics education; Order (exchange); Cultural background; Pedagogy; Sociology; Literature; Linguistics; Research methodology; Art; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001752223,0.0003926142,0.0004532846,0.002271988,0.002155943,0.002340939,0.0004892276,0.0004792095,0.001373265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007840069,0.0002153646,0.0002652705,0.002743414,0.002103705,0.0008585202,0.001314798,0.0007462028,0.0002028509],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001511168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001753689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02519586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03480934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987295,0.0002678341,0.0001757438,0.0001449721,0.0004401241,0.0002417498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939021,0.002395591,0.001536041,0.0002318049,0.001054922,0.0008795583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001944653,0.0001586297,0.5146262,0.0001295901,0.00004022482,0.001584474,0.4500954,0.00003327134,0.003444457,0.0005603322,0.0004489764,0.02868404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001382241,0.0001529469,0.774923,0.00007334205,0.00002637088,0.001243906,0.2203421,0.0002031389,0.0006198109,0.000281687,0.002083804,0.00003606524],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985814,0.00008334042,0.00002052087,0.00006704406,0.000006146542,0.00000541918,0.000008343151,0.00000100912,0.001226846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99936,0.00009590863,0.00002678804,0.00002913011,0.000005116402,0.000006094367,0.00001394323,0.000001980228,0.0004610774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02519586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05009842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01449819606326748,"score_gpt":0.3511074886154166,"score_spread":0.3366092925521492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}