{"id":"W2902411381","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.045","title":"Synthesis of MgO-coated corncob biochar and its application in lead stabilization in a soil washing residue","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment International","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Tsinghua University; Killam Trusts","keywords":"Biochar; Corncob; Adsorption; Environmental remediation; Chemistry; Charcoal; Magnesium; Lime; Aqueous solution; Nuclear chemistry; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry; Raw material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006055148,0.0001451922,0.0001585374,0.0001245186,0.00003513748,0.00000972676,0.0002455524,0.00008762778,0.001682683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001318238,0.0001552185,0.00002419284,0.0001319701,0.0002474046,0.0002553332,0.0002546535,0.0001059138,0.0004556459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005331644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005346157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000275939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003679867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998331,0.000104689,0.0004485237,0.0004337378,0.0004828482,0.0001992681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994775,0.0001014355,0.0001551294,0.0002132827,0.000003084087,0.00004956057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007304577,0.0004474034,0.4500208,0.00001309721,0.00001474935,0.000002978829,0.0008948418,0.00749617,0.5282826,0.0002668129,0.00007334822,0.01241414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005191608,0.00006530285,0.5391494,0.00005413543,0.000008380958,0.000003587709,0.0001329745,0.03391368,0.4231704,0.0003496421,0.002401778,0.0002315401],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956495,0.0000454205,0.001117798,0.0003494433,0.00007356481,0.0003278633,0.00002060384,0.00001107944,0.002404712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986837,0.0002306753,0.0006955055,0.00006534596,0.0000360638,0.0001049294,0.0000216905,0.00001809523,0.0001439876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1051122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01233914859051368,"score_gpt":0.2363528600257807,"score_spread":0.224013711435267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}