{"id":"W2902925868","doi":"10.1016/j.intfin.2018.11.015","title":"Corporate governance, external control, and environmental information transparency: Evidence from emerging markets","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Corporate governance; Business; Emerging markets; Accounting; Agency (philosophy); Agency cost; Control (management); Sample (material); Empirical evidence; Industrial organization; Order (exchange); Shareholder; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008170734,0.0001493867,0.0002137377,0.0001825003,0.0002943522,0.0002687923,0.0001813915,0.00007065378,0.0001358872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001523249,0.0001402876,0.00007850055,0.0001402595,0.0002658207,0.004095564,0.00009210701,0.0001853774,0.000009752303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001020504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001674169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002136263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001080279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984823,0.00002157589,0.0007537423,0.0001513547,0.0004431583,0.0001478785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979759,0.00008761273,0.001500876,0.00008860245,0.0003113389,0.00003569173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005864292,0.0002349916,0.6455851,0.00008797753,0.0002092059,0.000215565,0.0006698198,0.00008946045,0.0123726,0.03213353,0.002643867,0.2998936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001029512,0.00003236789,0.9411789,0.0003896345,0.00007159985,0.00005020237,0.00008867202,0.003511077,0.00005115213,0.004265345,0.04915618,0.0001753565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841072,0.000474075,0.01107489,0.0009615653,0.001471067,0.000128768,0.00005427357,0.00001257003,0.001715572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966117,0.0006240275,0.0007196664,0.0005177924,0.001456562,0.00000360553,0.00001073362,0.000006184793,0.00004978788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2997183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5720763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02062725184359692,"score_gpt":0.2397126921834311,"score_spread":0.2190854403398341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}