{"id":"W2902981794","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23408","title":"Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Contact angles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Contact angle; Wetting; Wilhelmy plate; Surface energy; Drop (telecommunication); Capillary action; Sessile drop technique; Dewetting; Materials science; Wetting transition; Surface finish; Surface roughness; Hysteresis; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005995037,0.0001306241,0.000218926,0.0001136337,0.00003498964,0.00006455417,0.0003921143,0.00008364278,0.0003253592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003539748,0.0001026659,0.00007184707,0.0001745463,0.00008709275,0.0001078477,0.00002003767,0.0002640584,0.00001828961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003079012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001880133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006605174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002472021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990455,0.00002956138,0.0003401587,0.0001137869,0.0001480983,0.0003228831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992287,0.0001240411,0.00005778312,0.0001637892,0.00007155263,0.0003540968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009025774,0.000008030252,0.00003977393,0.000003944537,0.0000049973,0.00001243862,0.000567354,0.0006831194,0.9982441,0.0002922261,0.00006996482,0.00006501377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002315928,0.0000221317,0.00009700494,0.00003392191,0.000004706176,0.00008669726,0.00002734435,0.009240839,0.9891638,0.00001545634,0.0009574854,0.0001190661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973263,0.0003488659,0.001477026,0.0002608945,0.0004249444,0.00005172496,0.000002743835,0.00001610501,0.0000914462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987317,3.060458e-7,0.01234378,0.00007746011,0.0002341612,0.000002756807,5.670829e-7,0.00001793338,0.000006029766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01086675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4186594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02390407689367096,"score_gpt":0.2753566719789365,"score_spread":0.2514525950852656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}