{"id":"W2902987256","doi":"10.18192/osurj.v1i1.3711","title":"Taking the hydro out of hydrofracturing: Application of ultra-light weight proppants to cryogenic liquid nitrogen as a fracturing fluid","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Ottawa Science Undergraduate Research Journal","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Fracturing fluid; Petroleum engineering; Greenhouse gas; Liquid nitrogen; Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Materials science; Waste management; Engineering; Geology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000200574,0.0002910269,0.0001850792,0.0002836234,0.0002325041,0.0002748061,0.0002369468,0.0002136444,0.001108582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002702895,0.00009703894,0.0002325757,0.0001785815,0.000319908,0.000453928,0.0003744255,0.0003144182,0.0001599737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002707872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002191757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001230902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004658047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998845,0.0000146405,0.000007954955,0.0000211826,0.00004999485,0.00002169373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998426,0.0000371604,0.00004721629,0.0000130118,0.0000362582,0.00002372833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001368153,0.00004232719,0.0006744429,0.0001335468,0.00000669329,0.0001636905,0.00006570127,0.0002986923,0.9910754,0.00009622004,0.0000407396,0.00726564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009346443,0.001369042,0.004725,0.00002393048,0.00002279532,0.0001991115,0.0001507617,0.001336158,0.9886026,0.00005725467,0.00348815,0.00001598368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994825,0.00120921,0.002035094,0.0001094211,0.00003253434,0.00003778245,0.00004704187,0.00002094598,0.001683075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916161,0.001128442,0.005490353,0.00005683303,0.00001135456,0.00002375561,0.00005308041,0.00001370867,0.001606309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001230902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003708601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01897246923753727,"score_gpt":0.2825760814915078,"score_spread":0.2636036122539706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}