{"id":"W2903043507","doi":"10.2166/wqrj.2018.134","title":"Ion-exchange for trihalomethane control in potable water treatment – a municipal water treatment case study in Rainy River, Ontario, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Quality Research Journal","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Trihalomethane; Water treatment; Chemistry; Ion-exchange resin; Water quality; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Inorganic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004237617,0.0003714634,0.0005488418,0.000339494,0.0007091226,0.0001851,0.0002329078,0.000108033,0.004929786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001934369,0.0001820869,0.0001669011,0.0001617267,0.0002494892,0.0006418605,0.0001602238,0.0003197865,0.0001844725],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009421024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001697002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9927749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9966553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943813,0.001646911,0.0007238195,0.0006023292,0.0008285923,0.001817028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989101,0.0001493233,0.00004710148,0.0004154632,0.00007708115,0.0004009069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00532682,0.01017325,0.719093,0.00003193459,0.0005695823,0.01485272,0.2088445,0.0004212589,0.03466975,0.000002990352,0.001128608,0.00488559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.156852,0.05024843,0.09547696,0.0001206516,0.0004373122,0.005066753,0.03963821,0.0007070404,0.5292149,0.003332013,0.1163098,0.002596002],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957376,0.00002342706,0.00001138565,0.001240966,0.000256316,0.002193034,0.0000296603,0.00001221766,0.0004954393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905899,0.00001437052,0.00004192092,0.00008438684,0.0002198057,0.0005288508,0.0000556967,0.00002808342,0.008437044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6236161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1307111241131251,"score_gpt":0.3852755558970467,"score_spread":0.2545644317839215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}